Complete thesis

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Table of Contents

• Abstract

• PART I: Introduction
  
  
  • Chapter 1: Observations, Models and Directions
    • Lightning
    • Observations of HAL
    • Models and Problems Associated with HAL
    • Objectives and Directions of this Work
    • Outline of the Thesis
  
  
• PART II: Red Sprites
  
  
  • Chapter 2: Fractal Antennae
    • Fractal Antennae and Coherence
    • Radiation and Simple Fractal Models
    • Modeling Lightning as a Fractal Antenna
    
    
  • Chapter 3: Modeling Red Sprites
    • The Model
    • N₂(1P) Emissions from the Stochastic Model
    • The instantaneous emission pattern movie (avi file) for .
    • Importance of the Fractal Nature of Lightning
    
    
  • Chapter 4: Spectrum of Red Sprites
  
  
• PART III: Runaway Discharge in a Magnetic Field
  
  
  • Chapter 5: Runaway Discharge in a Magnetic Field
    • Relativistic Beams as a Possible Source of HAL Phenomena
    • Runaway Breakdown
    • Boltzmann Equation
    • Runaway Discharge in a B Field
    • Importance of B Field
  
  
• PART IV: Conclusions
  
  
  • Conclusions
    • Electromagnetic Pulses
    • Runaway Beams
    • Implications to Future Work
  
  
• PART V: Appendices
  
  
  • Appendix A: Fields from a Fractal Structure
    • Fields from a Fractal Antennae
    • The Far field
    
    
  • Appendix B: Absorption and Emissions
    • Self-Absorption
    • Electron Distribution and the Fokker-Planck Approach
    • Optical Emissions of N₂(1P)
    • Ionization Threshold
    
    
  • Appendix C: Population of N₂ Levels
    • Computing the Radiative Intensity
    • Atmospheric Attenuation
  
  
• PART VI: Bibliography
  
  
  • References